Resultado da pesquisa (10)
Termo utilizado na pesquisa Clostridium perfringens
#1 - Clostridium perfringens α and β recombinant toxoids in equine immunization
Abstract in English:
Clostridium perfringens is considered one of the main causative agents of superacute enterocolitis, usually fatal in the equine species, due to the action of the β toxin, and is responsible for causing severe myonecrosis, by the action of the α toxin. The great importance of this agent in the equine economy is due to high mortality and lack of vaccines, which are the main form of prevention, which guarantee the immunization of this animal species. The aim of this study was to evaluate three different concentrations (100, 200 and 400µg) of C. perfringens α and β recombinant toxoids in equine immunization and to compare with a group vaccinated with a commercial toxoid. The commercial vaccine was not able to stimulate an immune response and the recombinant vaccine was able to induce satisfactory humoral immune response in vaccinated horses, proving to be an alternative prophylactic for C. perfringens infection.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Clostridium perfringens é considerado um dos principais agentes causadores de enterocolites superagudas, geralmente fatais na espécie equina, devido à ação da toxina β, além de ser responsável por causar quadros graves de mionecrose, pela ação da toxina α. A grande importância desses agentes na equinocultura, deve-se a elevada mortalidade e a inexistência de vacinas, principal forma de prevenção, que garantam a imunização dessa espécie animal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar três diferentes concentrações (100, 200 e 400µg) dos toxóides recombinantes α e β de C. perfringens na imunização de equinos, bem como comparar com um grupo vacinado com um toxóide comercial. A vacina comercial não se mostrou capaz de estimular uma resposta imune e a vacina recombinante foi capaz de induzir resposta imune humoral satisfatória em equinos vacinados, provando ser uma alternativa profilática para infecção por C. Perfringens.
#2 - Necrohemorrhagic enteritis outbreak in a cattle feedlot in Nova Crixás, Goiás, Brazil
Abstract in English:
This study described an outbreak of necrohemorrhagic enteritis in a beef cattle feedlot in Nova Crixás, State of Goiás, Brazil, with emphasis on epidemiological, lesional, and laboratory aspects. Visits to the property were carried out and a necroscopic examination was performed on the bovine cadavers (N=57), which presented similar macroscopic alterations. Epidemiological data were collected, mainly referring to the feeding management of animals, and tissue samples were submitted to histopathological examination. Samples of feces and intestinal contents were also collected for bacterial isolation and PCR genotyping to detect the etiological agent, being confirmed Clostridium perfringens type A strains in 100% of the samples. Furthermore, 33.3% of strains isolated from intestinal contents and 40% of those isolated from feces were positive for beta-2 encoding gene. Considering the history, macroscopic and microscopic findings, as well as bacterial isolation and PCR, the diagnosis of bovine necrohemorrhagic enteritis was determined.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Descreve-se um surto de enterite necro hemorrágica em um confinamento de bovinos de corte no município de Nova Crixás, Estado de Goiás, Brasil, com ênfase nos aspectos epidemiológicos, lesionais e laboratoriais. Foram realizadas visitas à propriedade e todos os cadáveres bovinos (N=57) foram submetidos ao exame necroscópico, os quais apresentaram alterações macroscópicas semelhantes. Foram compilados dados epidemiológicos, sobretudo referentes ao manejo alimentar dos animais e amostras de tecido foram submetidas a exame histopatológico. Foram colhidas, também, amostras de fezes e conteúdo intestinal para isolamento bacteriano e genotipagem por PCR para detecção do agente etiológico, sendo confirmadas estirpes de Clostridium perfringens tipo A em 100% das amostras. Ainda, 33,3% das cepas de Clostridium perfringens isoladas no conteúdo intestinal e 40% daquelas isoladas nas fezes foram positivas para o gene codificador da toxina beta-2. Considerando o histórico, os achados macroscópicos e microscópicos, o isolamento bacteriano e o PCR, foi estabelecido o diagnóstico de enterite necro-hemorrágica por C. perfringens tipo A.
#3 - Levantamento dos enteropatógenos de leitões do nascimento a sete dias de idade no Brasil, 33(8):963-969
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Cruz Junior E.C., Salvarani F.M., Silva R.O.S., Silva M.X., Lobato F.C.F. & Guedes R.M.C. 2013. A surveillance of enteropathogens in piglets from birth to seven days of age in Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(8):963-969. Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Cx. Postal 567, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: guedesufmg@gmail.com
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the real importance of anaerobic enteropathogens and rotavirus in contrast to more common agents as cause of diarrhea in piglets within the first week of life. Sixty 1- to 7-day-old piglets, 30 diarrheic and 30 non-diarrheic (control), from 15 different herds were selected, euthanized and necropsied. Samples of the jejunum, ileum, colon, cecum and feces were collected from the piglets and analyzed to determine the presence of the following enteropathogens: enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Clostridium perfringens types A and C, Clostridium difficile, rotavirus and Isospora suis. Among diarrheic piglets, 23.3% were positive for C. difficile, 70% for C. perfringens type A cpb2+, 14.3% for rotavirus and 10% for ETEC. Among non-diarrheic control piglets, 10% were positive for C. difficile, 76.7% for C. perfringens type A cpb2+, 0% for rotavirus, 3.3% for ETEC and 3.3% for I. suis. C. perfringens type C was not detected in any of the animals. Histological lesions characteristic of C. difficile, E. coli and rotavirus were observed. However, no C. perfringens type A suggestive lesions were detected. There was a positive correlation between mesocolon edema and the presence of C. difficile toxins. Although C. perfringens type A cpb2+ was the most frequently detected enteropathogen, there was no association between its presence and diarrhea or macro or microscopic changes. C. difficile and Rotavirus were the most relevant pathogens involved with neonatal diarrhea in this study, and histopathology associated with microbiological test proved to be the key to reach a final diagnosis.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO- Cruz Junior E.C., Salvarani F.M., Silva R.O.S., Silva M.X., Lobato F.C.F. & Guedes R.M.C. 2013. A surveillance of enteropathogens in piglets from birth to seven days of age in Brazil. [Levantamento dos enteropatógenos de leitões do nascimento a sete dias de idade no Brasil.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(8):963-969. Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Cx. Postal 567, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: guedesufmg@gmail.com
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a real importância de enteropatógenos anaeróbios e rotavirus em comparação à outros agentes mais comuns como causa de diarreia em leitões até cinco dias de idade. Leitões com 0 a 7 dias de vida, 30 diarreicos e 30 não diarreicos (controles) de 15 granjas diferentes foram eutanasiados e necropsiados. Amostras de jejuno, íleo, colon e ceco foram coletadas e submetidas à detecção dos seguintes enteropatógenos: Escherichia coli enterotoxigênica (ETEC), Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, rotavirus e Isospora suis. Entre os animais diarréicos, 23.3% foram positivos para C. difficile, 70% para C. perfringens tipo A cpb2+, 14.3% para rotavirus e 10% para ETEC. Entre os leitões não-diarréicos, 10% foram positivos para C. difficile, 76.7% para C. perfringens tipo A cpb2+, 3.3% para ETEC e 3.3% for I. suis. C. perfringens tipo C não foi detectado em nenhum animal. Lesões histológicas características de C. difficile, E. coli e rotavirus foram observadas. Por outro lado, nenhuma lesão sugestiva de C. perfringens foi detectada. Foi possível observar uma correlação positiva entre edema de mesocolon e presença das toxinas A/B. Apesar de C. perfringens tipo A cpb2+ ter sido o patógeno mais encontrado, nenhuma associação com lesões foi encontrada. C. difficile e Rotavirus foram os agentes mais relevantes associados à diarreia neonatal, e ficou demonstrada a relevância de associação de histopatologia com testes de detecção microbiológica para se firmar um diagnóstico.
#4 - Kinetics of epsilon antitoxin antibodies in different strategies for active immunization of lambs against enterotoxaemia, 33(8):979-982
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Costa H.F., Babboni S.D., Rodrigues C.F.C., Padovani C.R., Dutra I.S., Paulan S.C. & Modolo J.R. 2013. Kinetics of epsilon antitoxin antibodies in different strategies for active immunization of lambs against enterotoxaemia. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(8):979-982. Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, Cx. Postal 524, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil. E-mail: jrmodolo@fmvz.unesp.br
Enterotoxaemia, a common disease that affects domestic small ruminants, is mainly caused by the epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens type D. The present study tested four distinct immunization protocols to evaluate humoral response in lambs, a progeny of non-vaccinated sheep during gestation. Twenty-four lambs were randomly allocated into four groups according to age (7, 15, 30 and 45 days), receiving the first dose of epsilon toxoid commercial vaccine against clostridiosis with booster after 30 days post vaccination. Indirect ELISA was performed after the first vaccine dose and booster to evaluate the immune response of the lambs. Results showed that for the four protocols tested all lambs presented serum title considered protective (≥0.2UI/ml epsilon antitoxin antibodies) and also showed that the anticipation of primovaccination of lambs against enterotoxaemia conferred serum title considered protective allowing the optimization of mass vaccination of lambs.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Costa H.F., Babboni S.D., Rodrigues C.F.C., Padovani C.R., Dutra I.S., Paulan S.C. & Modolo J.R. 2013. Kinetics of epsilon antitoxin antibodies in different strategies for active immunization of lambs against enterotoxaemia. [Cinética dos anticorpos antitoxina epsilon em diferentes estratégias de imunização ativa em cordeiros contra a enterotoxemia.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(8):979-982. Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, Cx. Postal 524, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil. E-mail: jrmodolo@fmvz.unesp.br
Enterotoxemia, uma das mais comuns enfermidades que acomete os pequenos ruminantes domésticos, é causada principalmente pela toxina épsilon de Clostridium perfringens tipo D. O presente estudo avaliou a resposta humoral conferida por quatro protocolos distintos de primovacinação na progênie de ovelhas não vacinadas durante a gestação. Vinte e quatro cordeiros foram aleatoriamente divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com a idade (dias) que receberam a primeira dose da vacina comercial contra clostridiose contendo toxóide epsilon na sua formulação. Todos os cordeiros foram vacinados aos 7, 15, 30 ou 45 dias de idade e receberam um reforço da dose 30 dias após a vacinação. A avaliação sorológica dos cordeiros pelo teste de ELISA indireto foi realizada por ocasião da administração da primeira dose da vacina. Os resultados elucidaram não haver comprometimento da resposta imune de cordeiros vacinados tanto aos 7, 15, 30 ou 45 dias de idade associada ao reforço da dose 30 dias após, demonstrando assim que a antecipação da primeira vacinação conferiu proteção aos cordeiros contra a enterotoxemia, permitindo otimizar o planejamento da vacinação em massa dos cordeiros.
#5 - Kinetics of colostral antibodies against epsilon toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens type D in lambs, 32(1):17-21
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Costa H.F., Babboni S.D., Rodrigues, C.F., Padovani C.R., Dutra I.S. & Modolo J.R. 2012. [Kinetics of colostral antibodies against epsilon toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens type D in lambs.] Cinética dos anticorpos de origem colostral contra a toxina épsilon de Clostridium perfringens tipo D em cordeiros. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(1):17-21. Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Cx. Postal 524, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil. E-mail: jrmodolo@fmvz.unesp.br
Enterotoxemia, a disease that affect small ruminants, is caused mainly by the epsilon toxin from Clostridium perfringens type D. This study evaluated the kinetics of epsilon antitoxin colostral antibodies in lambs born to ewes submitted to two different types of health management. A group of pregnant ewes (n=6) was vaccinated with a single dose of commercial vaccine against polyvalent clostridial toxoid containing epsilon in its formulation some 30 days before the expected date of birth. Another group of ewes (n=6) of the same gestational age were not vaccinated. Immediately after birth, before intake of colostrum, blood samples were collected from their lambs as well as 30 and 60 days of age for serum evaluation by ELISA. The results allow to conclude that vaccination of pregnant ewes 30 days before parturition allowed the transfer of colostral antibodies specific enough to guarantee the immunity considered protective (0,5UI/ml) of the newborn lamb against enterotoxemia until its entry into the feedlot, with 60 days of age.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Costa H.F., Babboni S.D., Rodrigues, C.F., Padovani C.R., Dutra I.S. & Modolo J.R. 2012. [Kinetics of colostral antibodies against epsilon toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens type D in lambs.] Cinética dos anticorpos de origem colostral contra a toxina épsilon de Clostridium perfringens tipo D em cordeiros. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(1):17-21. Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Cx. Postal 524, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil. E-mail: jrmodolo@fmvz.unesp.br
Enterotoxemia, uma das mais importantes enfermidades que acomete os pequenos ruminantes domésticos, é causada principalmente pela toxina épsilon de Clostridium perfringens tipo D. O presente estudo avaliou a cinética de anticorpos colostrais antitoxina épsilon em cordeiros nascidos de ovelhas submetidas a dois diferentes tipos de manejo sanitário. Um grupo de ovelhas prenhes (n=6) foi vacinado com uma dose única de vacina comercial polivalente contra clostridioses contendo toxóide épsilon na sua formulação cerca de 30 dias antes da data prevista para a parição. Outro grupo de ovelhas (n=6) de mesma idade gestacional não foi vacinado. Imediatamente após o parto, antes da ingestão do colostro, foram colhidas amostras sanguíneas dos respectivos cordeiros, bem como aos 30 e 60 dias de idade e submetidas à avaliação sorológica pelo teste de ELISA indireto. Os resultados encontrados permitem concluir que a vacinação de ovelhas prenhes 30 dias antes do parto contra a enterotoxemia causada pela toxina épsilon, com dose única de produto comercial, induz imunidade passiva em níveis considerados protetores (>0,5UI/ml) aos cordeiros por, no mínimo, 60 dias de idade.
#6 - Necrotizing enteritis associated with Clostridium perfringens Type B in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera), 31(12):1071-1074
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Lucena R.B., Farias L., Libardoni F., Vargas A.C. Giaretta P.R. & Barros C.S.L. 2011. Necrotizing enteritis associated with Clostridium perfringens Type B in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(12):1071-1074. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: claudioslbarros@uol.com.br
Four 3-4 month-old chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) from a commercial flock of 395 chinchillas, were found dead with evidence of previous diarrhea and prolapsed rectum. A fifth 8 month-old chinchilla died 8 hours after being found recumbent, apathetic, diarrheic and with a prolapsed rectum. Two chinchillas were necropsied and observed gross lesions consisted of extensive hemorrhagic enteritis, mild pulmonary edema and enlarged and yellow liver; this latter finding was particularly prominent in the chinchilla presenting longer clinical course. Histologically there was necrotizing enteritis associated with abundant bacterial rods aggregates in the intestinal surface epithelium and within the lamina propria. In the lungs there were small amounts of pink proteinaceous material (edema) in the interstitium and marked vacuolar hepatocellullar degeneration (lipidosis) in the liver. Anaerobic cultures from the intestinal contents of one of the affected chinchillas yielded Clostridium perfringens. Genotyping of this C. perfringens isolate was achieved by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) as C. perfringens type B due to detection of alpha, beta and epsilon-toxin genes. These findings suggest C. perfringens type B as an important cause of sudden or acute death in chinchillas.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Lucena R.B., Farias L., Libardoni F., Vargas A.C. Giaretta P.R. & Barros C.S.L. 2011. Necrotizing enteritis associated with Clostridium perfringens Type B in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera). [Enterite necrosante associado a infecção por Clostridium perfringens tipo B em chinchilas (Chinchilla lanigera).] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(12):1071-1074. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: claudioslbarros@uol.com.br
Quatro chinchilas (Chinchilla lanigera) com 3-4 meses de idade, pertencentes a um criadouro comercial com 395 chinchilas, foram encontradas mortas com evidências de diarreia prévia e prolapso de reto. Uma quinta chinchila, de oito meses de idade, foi encontrada em decúbito, apática, com diarreia e prolopaso de reto, e morreu após oito horas. Duas chinchilas foram submetidas à necropsia. As lesões macroscópicas consistiam de extensa enterite hemorrágica, moderado edema pulmonar e fígado pálido e aumentado de volume; este achado foi particularmente proeminente na chinchila que apresentou curso clínico mais longo. Histologicamente foi observado enterite necrosante associada a numerosos agregados bacterianos na superfície epitelial com invasão da lâmina própria. Nos pulmões foi observada pequena quantidade de material proteináceo róseo amorfo (edema) no interstício e marcada degeneração hepatocelular vacuolar (lipidose). Cultura anaeróbica do conteúdo intestinal de uma chinchila afetada revelou crescimento de Clostridium perfringens. A genotipificação de C. perfringens isolado, realizada por reação em cadeia de polymerase multiplex (mPCR), revelou C. perfringens tipo B pela detecção das tóxinas alfa, beta e épisilon. Estes achados sugerem que infecção por C. perfringens tipo B é uma importante causa de morte súbita ou aguda em chinchilas.
#7 - Focal symmetrical encephalomalacia in sheep, 30(5):423-427
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Pimentel L.A., Oliveira D.M., Galiza G.J.N., Dantas A.F.M., Uzal F. & Riet-Correa F. 2010. Focal symmetrical encephalomalacia in sheep. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(5):423-427. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Hospital Veterinário, CSTR, Campus de Patos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB 58700-000, Brazil. E-mail: franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br
Focal symmetrical encephalomalacia (FSE) is the most prominent lesion seen in the chronic form of enterotoxemia by Clostridium perfringens type D. This paper reports FSE in sheep in Brazil. Six deaths occurred within a seven days period in a flock of 70, four to 30-month-old Santa Inês sheep in the state of Paraíba in the Brazilian semiarid. The flock was grazing a paddock of irrigated sprouting Cynodon dactylon (Tifton grass), and supplemented, ad libitum, with a concentrate of soybean, corn and wheat. Nervous signs included blindness and recumbence. A 19 month-old sheep was examined clinically and necropsied after a clinical course of three days. Gross lesions were herniation of the cerebellar vermis and multifocal, bilateral, symmetric brownish areas in the internal capsule, thalamus and cerebellar peduncles. Histologic lesions were multifocal, bilateral malacia with some neutrophils, swelling of blood vessels endothelium, perivascular edema, and hemorrhages. The flock was vaccinated, before the outbreak, with only one dose of Clostridium perfringens type D vaccine. Two factors are suggested to be important for the occurrence of the disease: insufficient immunity due to the incorrect vaccination; and high nutritional levels by the supplementation with highly fermentable carbohydrates.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Pimentel L.A., Oliveira D.M., Galiza G.J.N., Dantas A.F.M., Uzal F. & Riet-Correa F. 2010. Focal symmetrical encephalomalacia in sheep. [Encefalomalacia focal simétrica em ovino.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(5):423-427. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Hospital Veterinário, CSTR, Campus de Patos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB 58700-000, Brazil. E-mail: franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br
Encefalomalacia focal simétrica (EFS) é a lesão mais proeminente vista nas formas subaguda ou crônica da enterotoxemia por Clostridium perfringens tipo D. Este trabalho relata EFS em ovinos no semiárido do estado da Paraíba. Seis ovinos morreram, em um período de sete dias, dentro de um rebanho de 70 animais, da raça Santa Inês, entre 4-30 meses de idade, que pastavam em piquete de Cynodon dactylon (capim Tifton), que estava rebrotando. Os ovinos eram suplementados com um concentrado de soja, trigo e milho. Os sinais nervosos incluíam cegueira e decúbito lateral. Um ovino de 19 meses de idade foi examinado clinicamente e necropsiado, depois de um curso clínico de 3 dias. Macroscopicamente foram observadas herniação do cerebelo e áreas acastanhadas, multifocais, simétricas e bilaterais na cápsula interna, tálamo e pedúnculo cerebelar. Histologicamente observou-se malacia, bilateral e simétrica, com alguns neutrófilos, tumefação das células endoteliais dos vasos sanguíneos, edema perivascular e hemorragia. O rebanho foi vacinado, antes do surto, com uma única dose de vacina para Clostridium perfringens tipo D. Dois fatores são sugestivos quanto a importância da ocorrência da enfermidade: imunidade insuficiente devida à vacinação incorreta; e altos níveis nutricionais da suplementação com carboidratos altamente fermentáveis.
#8 - Fibrinonecrotic enteritis of piglets in a commercial farm: a postmortem study of the prevalence and the role of lesion associated agents Isospora suis and Clostridium perfringens, p.297-300
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Sanz M.G., Venturini L., Assis R.A., Uzal F., Risso M.A., Idiart J.R. & Perfumo C.J. 2007. Fibrinonecrotic enteritis of piglets in a commercial farm: a postmortem study of the prevalence and the role of lesion associated agents Isospora suis and Clostridium perfringens. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(7):297-300. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CC 296, B1900 AVW, 60 y 119, La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: cjperfumo@fcv.unlp.edu.ar
The objectives were to determine the prevalence of fibrinonecrotic enteritis (FNE) on a farrow-to-finish farm of 1,000 sows, to categorize the pathological changes, and to to investigate the lesion associated agents Isospora suis and Clostridium perfringens. Causes of preweaning mortality (PWM) were classified into 8 categories including FNE. Obtained data were evaluated for statistical significance by adjusted Chi-square analysis. Samples of FNE were taken for complementary studies including a PCR technique for genotyping toxin genes of Clostridium perfringens from gut samples fixed in 10% neutral formalin. From 3,153 piglets examined, less than 1% was classified as FNE. FNE prevalence increased progressively from the first to the third week, the last differing statistically from the others. Eighty percent of gut samples with FNE lesions were positive to Isospora suis, when examined by PCR from 9 severe FNE lesions detected 7 positive samples only for a toxin gene, characteristic of C. perfringens type-A.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Sanz M.G., Venturini L., Assis R.A., Uzal F., Risso M.A., Idiart J.R. & Perfumo C.J. 2007. Fibrinonecrotic enteritis of piglets in a commercial farm: a postmortem study of the prevalence and the role of lesion associated agents Isospora suis and Clostridium perfringens. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(7):297-300. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CC 296, B1900 AVW, 60 y 119, La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: cjperfumo@fcv.unlp.edu.ar
The objectives were to determine the prevalence of fibrinonecrotic enteritis (FNE) on a farrow-to-finish farm of 1,000 sows, to categorize the pathological changes, and to to investigate the lesion associated agents Isospora suis and Clostridium perfringens. Causes of preweaning mortality (PWM) were classified into 8 categories including FNE. Obtained data were evaluated for statistical significance by adjusted Chi-square analysis. Samples of FNE were taken for complementary studies including a PCR technique for genotyping toxin genes of Clostridium perfringens from gut samples fixed in 10% neutral formalin. From 3,153 piglets examined, less than 1% was classified as FNE. FNE prevalence increased progressively from the first to the third week, the last differing statistically from the others. Eighty percent of gut samples with FNE lesions were positive to Isospora suis, when examined by PCR from 9 severe FNE lesions detected 7 positive samples only for a toxin gene, characteristic of C. perfringens type-A.
#9 - Immunophrophylactic strategies against enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D in goats
Abstract in English:
Veschi J.L.A., Dutra I.S., Miyakawa M.E.F., Perri S.H.V. & Uzal F.A. 2006. Immunophrophylactic strategies against enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D in goats. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(1):51-54. Departamento de Produção e Saúde Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: isdutra@fmva.unesp.br
The serological response to an experimental vaccine against Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia was evaluated in four groups of goats. Group 1 received colostrum from unvaccinated cows and no vaccine. Groups 2, 3 and 4 received colostrum from vaccinated cows. In addition, Groups 3 and 4 received a vaccine dose at 80 days of age, and Group 4 received a second vaccine dose at 120 days of age. Serum antibody levels were determined by ELISA in cows before and after calving, and in goats at 3, 80, 120 and 160 days of age. No significant difference in serum antibody levels was observed between vaccinated and unvaccinated cows, or between the four groups of goats evaluated at 3 days of life. Groups 3 and 4 presented mean antibody titers of 0.6 and 1.1 IU/ml, respectively, 40 days after first vaccination. The vaccine response of Group 4 was 1.8 IU/ml 40 days after the booster dose and was higher than that observed for Group 3 (0.2 IU/ml). Thus, in the proposed regimen the use of heterologous colostrum did not induce passive immunization in goat kids. However, first vaccination and a booster dose after 40 days triggered satisfactory antibody levels.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Veschi J.L.A., Dutra I.S., Miyakawa M.E.F., Perri S.H.V. & Uzal F.A. 2006. Immunophrophylactic strategies against enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D in goats. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(1):51-54. Departamento de Produção e Saúde Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: isdutra@fmva.unesp.br
The serological response to an experimental vaccine against Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia was evaluated in four groups of goats. Group 1 received colostrum from unvaccinated cows and no vaccine. Groups 2, 3 and 4 received colostrum from vaccinated cows. In addition, Groups 3 and 4 received a vaccine dose at 80 days of age, and Group 4 received a second vaccine dose at 120 days of age. Serum antibody levels were determined by ELISA in cows before and after calving, and in goats at 3, 80, 120 and 160 days of age. No significant difference in serum antibody levels was observed between vaccinated and unvaccinated cows, or between the four groups of goats evaluated at 3 days of life. Groups 3 and 4 presented mean antibody titers of 0.6 and 1.1 IU/ml, respectively, 40 days after first vaccination. The vaccine response of Group 4 was 1.8 IU/ml 40 days after the booster dose and was higher than that observed for Group 3 (0.2 IU/ml). Thus, in the proposed regimen the use of heterologous colostrum did not induce passive immunization in goat kids. However, first vaccination and a booster dose after 40 days triggered satisfactory antibody levels.
#10 - Caprine enterotoxaemia in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 23(4): 173-178
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Colodel E.M., Driemeier D., Schmitz M., Germer M., Nascimento R.A.P., Assis R.A., Lobato F.C.F. & Uzal F.A. 2003. [Caprine enterotoxaemia in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.] Enterotoxemia em caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(4):173-178. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Depto Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Cx. Postal 15094, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: moleta@terra.com.br
Five outbreaks of caprine enterotoxaemia in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were studied. The animais were found dead or had a clinical course that usually lásted 2-3 hours. From two farms a clinical manifestation period of 12 hours was reported. Clinical signs were characterized by depression, marked abdominal discomfort, profuse watery diarrhea with fibrin clots, and death. Thirteen necropsies were performed and hydropericardium, hydrothorax and hydroperitoneum were commonly found. The mucosa and serosa of the colon were congested, and its contents was watery with multiple fibrin clots. Serosal hemorrhages and fibrin clots in the gallbladder were also seen. Fibrinous colitis and thyphilitis were the most frequent histological changes. Cerebral microangiopathy was observed in one case, which was characterized by acute perivascular proteinaceous edema around arterioles of the nucleus caudatus and thalamus. Large numbers of Gram-positive rods, of ten in clumps and with morphology consistent with Clostridium perfringens, were seen in intestinal smears. The intestinal contents of six goats were positive for epsilon toxin by mouse neutralization test. These findings suggest that enterotoxaemia is an important disease of goat flocks in southern Brazil.
Abstract in Portuguese:
SINOPSE.- Colodel E.M., Driemeier D., Schmitz M., Germer M., Nascimento R.A.P., Assis R.A., Lobato F.C.F. & Uzal F.A. 2003. [Caprine enterotoxaemia in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.] Enterotoxemia em caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(4):173-178. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Depto Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Cx. Postal 15094, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: moleta@terra.com.br
São descritos surtos de enterotoxemia em caprinosem cinco propriedades no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os animais afetados eram, normalmente, encontrados mortos ou apresentavam evolução aguda de 2 a 3 horas com acentuada depressão, cólicas abdominais e diarréia profusa com fibrina. Em duas propriedades relataram-se casos com a evolução de até 12 horas. Em treze animais necropsiados observaram-se aumento de líquidos nas cavidades abdominal, torácica e pericárdica, congestão e hiperemia da serosa e mucosa do intestino, conteúdo do cólon líquido com fibrina além de hemorragias de serosa e fibrina. Em um animal constatou- se microangiopatia cerebral caracterizada por acúmulo de material homogêneo e eosinofilico no espaço perivascular. No conteúdo intestinal, colônias com bastonetes morfológica e bioquímicamente sugestivos de Clostridium pe,fringens foram caracterizadas no estudo bacteriológico. A soroneutralização em camundongos com conteúdo intestinal dos animais afetados, revelou a presença da toxina épsilon. Estes achados evidenciam a enterotoxemia como doença de importância para criação de caprinos no Rio Grande do Sul.
